1	Human Needs and Mobile Devices: Small, Fast & Fun Ben Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.edu Founding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction Lab Professor, Department of Computer Science Member, Institutes for Advanced Computer Studies & Systems Research University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742
2
3	User Interface Design Goals Cognitively comprehensible: Consistent, predictable & controllable Affectively acceptable: Mastery, satisfaction & responsibility NOT: Adaptive, autonomous & anthropomorphic
4	Scientific Approach (beyond user friendly) Specify users and tasks Predict and measure time to learn speed of performance rate of human errors human retention over time Assess subjective satisfaction (Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction) Accommodate individual differences Consider social, organizational & cultural context
5	Design Issues Input devices & strategies Keyboards, pointing devices, voice Direct manipulation Menus, forms, commands Output devices & formats Screens, windows, color, sound Text, tables, graphics Instructions, messages, help Collaboration & communities Manuals, tutorials, training
6	Library of Congress Scholars, Journalists, Citizens Teachers, Students
7	Visible Human Explorer (NLM) Doctors Surgeons Researchers Students
8	NASA Environmental Data Scientists Farmers Land planners Students
9	Bureau of Census Economists, Policy makers, Journalists Teachers, Students
10	NSF Digital Government Initiative Find what you need Understand what you Find
11	International Children’s Digital Libary
12	Zooming User Interfaces
13	ZUI: Pocket PhotoMesa
14
15	An Inspirational Muse: Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Renaissance Man Combined science & art Integrated engineering & esthetics Balanced technology advances & human values Merged visionary & practical
16	Health & Wellness Devices More people are familiar with technologies Low cost makes them widely available ?Social shift? to take greater responsibility for personal health care, fitness & wellness à Personal health & wellness devices However: Lack of common interface inhibits growth Lack of common file format prevents collaboration
17	Health & Wellness Devices Monitoring chronic conditions Asthma, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure Depression, anxiety, sleep disorders Aging in place Cognitive & memory aids, monitoring, social interaction Sports & training Pedometers, body fat meters, bathroom scales Family history & personal health records Genetic history, vaccinations, medications, allergies Emergency treatment info, medical contacts
18
19
20
21
22	Blood Pressure & Pulse Rate
23	Heart Rate & Thermometer
24	Body Fat
25
26	HCI Theories
27	Human Needs What makes a mobile device different from a Desktop/Laptop?
28	Human Needs What makes a mobile device different from a Desktop/Laptop? What sensors do you want?
29	Human Needs What makes a mobile device different from a Desktop/Laptop? What sensors do you want? What do you want to store?
30	Human Needs What makes a mobile device different from a Desktop/Laptop? What sensors do you want? What do you want to store? What messages do you want to get? Send?
31	Human Needs What makes a mobile device different from a Desktop/Laptop? What sensors do you want? What do you want to store? What messages do you want to get? Send? Do you see a pattern yet?
32	Mobile Device User Interface Taxonomy (DUIT)
33	"Relationships" Relationships Self: working on your own Family & Friends: 2-50 close intimates Colleagues & Neighbors: 50-5000 acquaintances Citizens & Markets: 5000 and more
34
35	Activities and Relationship Table (ART) Relationships Self Family & Friends Colleagues & Neighbors Citizenry & Markets
36	Activities and Relationship Table (ART) Relationships Self Family & Friends Colleagues & Neighbors Citizenry & Markets
37	Activities and Relationship Table (ART)
38	Takeaway Messages Mobile devices are huge opportunity Small, fast & fun Low-cost, easy-to-use, specific service Focusing on human needs will guide you to more successful product designs Device User Interface Taxonomy (DUIT) Activities & Relationship Table (ART)
39
40	Takeaway Messages Design functions to serve human needs Usability + reliability to prevent frustration Engage users with fun Alluring metaphors Compelling content Attractive graphics Appealing animations Satisfying sounds
41	Photo Annotation Annotating & repurposing photos in the Semantic Web context Retrieve by personal attributes: name, date, topic? age, country, organization?? weight, necksize, hair color????? Retrieve by mediated attributes: numbers of papers/citations in WWW other conferences they attended names of students they supervised
42	Goals of Public Access Enable full participation by every citizen Voting, social security services, passports, licenses, registrations, permits, recreation, state-county-city government services Offer services to many residents & visitors Visa applications, tourism info, employment, healthcare, police, fire, education, training, museums, parks, libraries
43	Universal Usability Challenges Technology variety Fast & slow modems, small & large displays Diverse platforms, multiple versions User diversity Novice & expert, old & young Users with disabilities, poor literacy, or low motivation Bridge the gap between what users know and what they need to know Multi-layer interfaces Help vs. ShowMe!
44	"Technology variety" Technology variety
45	"User diversity" User diversity: Accommodate all users
46
47	Gaps in User Knowledge-Strategies Bridge the gap between what users know and what they need to know
48	Gaps in User Knowledge-Strategies Bridge the gap between what users know and what they need to know
49	Public Access & Universal Usability Our Project Resources www.ils.unc.edu/govstat www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/newcomputing www.universalusability.org www.otal.umd.edu/uupractice Government Access www.usability.gov www.firstgov.gov www.fedstats.gov Guidelines www.usability.gov/pdfs/guidelines.html www.access-board.gov/sec508/status.htm
50	Designing the User Interface: 4^th Edition
51
52	Treemap – Gene Ontology
53	Dynamometers & Inclinometers
54	Information Visualization The eye… the window of the soul, is the principal means by which the central sense can most completely and abundantly appreciate the infinite works of nature. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519)
55	PhotoMesa
56
57
58	Treemap: Stock market, industry clustered
59
60	Personal Medical Anxiety & Depression