Tech Report HCIL-99-27

Bederson, B., Stewart, J., Druin, A. (November 1999)
Single Display Groupware
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1999, 286 - 293. [Published Version]
HCIL-99-27, CS-TR-4086, UMIACS-TR-99-75

We discuss a model for supporting collaborative work between people that are physically close to each other. We call this model Single Display Groupware (SDG). In this paper, we describe the model, comparing it to more traditional remote collaboration. We describe the requirements that SDG places on computer technology, and our understanding of the benefits and costs of SDG systems. Finally, we describe a prototype SDG system that we built and the results of a usability test we ran with 60 elementary school children. Through participant observation, video analysis, program instrumentation, and an informal survey, we discovered that the SDG approach to collaboration has strong potential. Children overwhelmingly prefer two mice to one mouse when collaborating with other children. We identified several collaborative styles including a dominant partner, independent simultaneous use, a mentor/mentee relationship, and active collaboration.

Keywords: Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW), Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Single Display Groupware (SDG), co-present collaboration, children, educational applications, input devices, Pad++, KidPad.