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TLp7  N [n 4 7<9J7F l _<Q ,kI. TDM7 J!-(5  R  m  6  $"&(*.024,k2`b$K*Y uܠQb$z@s)KsV%2$؞@=y!u>-tj+42$ʶ*V6B4"$4,iHg6"$CF[1DS=2$A: mM}lBb$HbV{`R|^HDc $ 33ff@8g4KdKdv 0b|ppp@  g4ddddv 0bp@ pp<4BdBd` 0bab<4!d!d` 0babuʚ;c9ʚ;<4dddd4b{ 0 bb___PPT9/ 0MX2LNPOP6LF,= ? -O =`,QMOCHA: A Self-Extensible Database Middleware System for Distributed Data Sources(R,M+Manuel Rodriguez-Martinez Nick Roussopoulos,, ;& MotivationaGClient-Server ConnectivityU@Middleware Integration ServicecHProblem 1: Code DeploymentUser-defined types and functions Polygon Composite()  image aggregation Porting and manual installation of code Operating system Hardware platform Expensive Software Maintenance Updates Version management Security Software certification!P)$P($#$P$$P $$P!   # eJProblem 1: Code DeploymentfKProblem 2: Query Processing>Operator placement options Limited by site-dependent software Composite()  got to have it before using it! Most processing at Integration Server Powerful Data Servers are under-utilized I/O Nodes Excessive data movement over the network Network bottleneck Unfeasible in WANs, Internet 4P#.$&$)$n $)$x1$$x #& !   ( gLProblem 2: Query Processing?*MOCHA Solution: Ship Code!WBMOCHA Solution: Filter Data!hM MOCHA GoalsAutomatic Deployment of Code (self-extensible) QPC ships compiled Java classes User-defined types and functions XML for their metadata (easy exchange) Data processing at data source sites Utilize powerful machines On-site data distillation Processing based on data movement reduction  Filter data at the data sources  Expand data near the clients 2/ !'%,B  !$%    " BXCThe MOCHA ArchitectureYDQPC: The Integration ServerZEDAP: The Facilitator of DataRRoad MapY Introduction Problem Definition MOCHA Architecture Query Processing Experiments SummaryD4" ZG2Processing The QueriesIssue 1: Placement and deployment of operators Which operators go to QPC, and which go to the DAPs? Issue 2: How to determine this placement? Dynamic programming [SAC+79], [ML86] But search space is enormous Placement of UDF, joins, execution sites & Plenty of  bad plans In MOCHA: Query Optimization based on heuristics Network usually is the critical factor optimize for it first CPU and I/O are cheaper optimize for them later Quickly converge to a  good plan :/n5n*BnAn1n(5#B6      & '/1^uiNOperator PlacementBData-Reducing Operators  Filter the data Aggregates, predicates, projections, semi-joins Composite(), Overlaps() , AvgEnergy() Push to the DAPs Code Shipping policy (Unique to MOCHA) Only send back distilled results Less data movement Cost: Computation cost Transfer of filtered results$PC$Z&$ZH$Z+Z$/$Z33C& ;/,u jOOperator PlacementData-Inflating Operators  Expand the data projections, image processing, some joins & DoubleResolution(), RotateSolid() Pull to the QPC Data Shipping policy [FJK96] Only send back raw arguments Less data movement Cost: Computation cost Transfer of raw argument values$P?$Z"$Z:$Z+Z$2$Z?" -2,X I4Placement Metric: VRFkPGoal: Plans with small CVRFJ5Performance EvaluationGoals of this study: Measure how good code shipping can be Validate heuristics being proposed VRF CVRF Guide implementation of the optimizer Configured MOCHA with plans that place operators based on heuristics.bI 'FI 'F mQExperimental Environment Sequoia 2000 Benchmark scientific data - points, polygons, satellite images Distributed applications Software and Hardware: JDK 1.2 QPC - Sun Ultra 60, Solaris 2.6 DAPs - Sun Ultra 1, Sun Ultra5, Solaris 2.6 Data Sources 2 Informix IUS 9.12 Server 10 Mpbs Ethernet vNbNb,T K6Reducing vs. InflatingQuery classes Composite of all images Clipping and sub-setting Double resolution of images Performance gains composites 99% data reduction 4-1 better performance clipping and expansion 80% data reduction 3-1 better performance Validates heuristics ZM **xM * *^FVRF vs Selectivity *Select graphs identifiers based on number of vertices and arc length Selectivity [HS93] and cardinality [HKWY97] are not enough for distributed predicate placement Need to also consider size of arguments for predicates! Consider 50% selectivity DAP CVRF = 0.01 QPC CVRF = 1Ex_5xQ" x! xE   <QS=Implementation StatusOperational System SIGMOD 2000 Demo Experimental deployment of MOCHA NASA Earth Scientists (ESIP Federation) Goddard Space Flight Center NCSA Land Cover Visualization ToolZZ!ZJZZ!JM8Summary and ConclusionsProposed a new Middleware Architecture: MOCHA Automatic Code Deployment (self-extensible) Shipping Java classes Query processing based on data movement reduction Proposed VRF metric for placement of functions Better than selectivity and result cardinality Future work Deployment of MOCHA for NASA ESIP Federation Full implementation of MOCHA Optimizer More Info: http://mocha.umiacs.umd.edu/.P,ZZ2Z/n/Z nTZ n$Z(,2// T >xSProblem 2: Query Processing/:_nopqr s t u v wxyz{|}~Pbb  ` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dd@(~?" dd@  " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> 0 z (    6P    T Click to edit Master title style! !  0 S*wq  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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