Fixed Point Problems 1) I assume these are the three base 10 representations expected: two's complement: -9855 one's complement: -9854 signed magnitude: -2433 unsigned binary: 55681 And for a little added value: excess/bias: really anything one wants, given the right bias 2) 3) in 2s complement 1) cec9178d 2) fffe4000 3) 00010000 4) fff8c000 Floating Point Problems 1) in hex: 1) 43806000 2) 3f6872b0 3) c5801900 4) 332bcc77 5) c2800000 2) in hex: 1) bfe00000 2) 3f7fffff 3) c0e80000 Extreme Issues 1) It's unclear why zero must be a "signal" value. I see no problems resulting from simply classifying it as a denormalized number. In which case it would be 0 x 2^-126 = 0. 2) 127 in hex: fe 3) -126 in hex: 01 4) Two examples are the smallest and largest postive, denormalized numbers: in hex: 00000001 007fffff