(Preamble.) If you base your research on stochastic simulation of systems, the following talk should be of interest to you. It should also be a good talk for those who strive to understand the fundamental structure of running programs. The speaker will keep the talk accessible to researchers of any background.

We consider the Markov Reference Model (MRM) of program behavior. MRM generates sequences of page requests according to a discrete-time homogeneous Markov chain. We invalidate MRM for instruction traces by means of a cost independent test that is a specialization of the Chi-squared test used in non-parametric statistics. We also find that observed traces have less entropy than MRM traces, which suggests that MRM does not capture the locality and structure of observed traces.