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Computer organization |
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Components: |
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Processor (CPU): executes
instructions |
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Memory: stores programs
and data |
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Long-term storage: keeps
data even when computer is off |
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Input/output (I/O):
provides data to process, stores results |
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Textbook view: |
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Datapath |
Processor |
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Control |
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Memory (RAM, HDD) |
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Input |
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Output |
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Our focus: |
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Processor |
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Today's technology:
millions of transistors and circuits |
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In order to comprehend
what's going on, we need … |
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Abstraction |
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Hides levels of complexity |
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Easier to see the
"big picture" |
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Example:
Swap program |
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Instruction set
architecture (ISA) |
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Interface between
hardware and low-level software |
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Depends on particular
machine |
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Standardizes instruction
formats |
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Advantage: can have
different implementations of same architecture |
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Historical example: IBM
360 (1960's) to today |
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Disadvantage: may add
complexity for compatibility |
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Example: Intel x86 |
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