Fixed Point Problems 1) I assume these are the three base 10 representations expected: two's complement: -9855 one's complement: -9854 signed magnitude: -22913 unsigned binary: 55681 And for a little added value: fixed point: move the binary point from right to left for fixed point rational number (or integral number) excess/bias: really anything one wants, given the right bias 2) in signed magnitude 1) 100c00 exact 2) 000e87 approximation because of truncation 3) cannot be expressed because of overflow 4) 000000 - underflow 5) 840000 - underflow 3) in 2s complement 1) cec9178d 2) fffe4000 3) 00010000 4) fff8c000 Floating Point Problems 1) in hex: 1) 43806000 2) 3f6872b0 3) c5801900 4) 332bcc77 5) c2800000 2) in hex: 1) bfe00000 2) 3f7fffff 3) c0e80000 Extreme Issues 1) 0 cannot be expressed as 1.f x 2^e-127 for any e or f. 2) 127 with e = Oxfe 3) -126 with e = Ox01 4) Two examples are the smallest and largest postive, denormalized numbers: Ox00000001 Ox007fffff