Topic List for Exam I

[If you can writge two clear cogent sentences on each of these, one to
orient the reader to the nature of the topic, and one to indicate
something about the issues, then you should do fine.]

HOW WORDS MEAN:
	Mill, direct reference
	Frege, sense and referent
	Russell, definite descriptions
	Meinong, inexistents
	Brentano, intentionality
	Searle, formal programs are syntactic, have no internal semantics
	Kripke, causal history (externalism)
	Putnam, linguistic community (externalism)

HOW WORDS ARE USED
Representational tools for knowledge, belief, reasoning
Logic
   syntax and semantics
      propositional attitudes
         possible-world semantics
         vs
         syntactical representation with Tarskian semantics
      distinguishing syntax and semantics
         Grice: [Utterer U means M by X] iff [U utters X with
           the intention I of producing the belief M in listener
           L, by getting L to recognize that U has that intention I.] 
         Saka
         Wilson
         Perry
         Kripke's Pierre
         Chomsky -- colorless green ideas

LEARNING, NEURAL NETS, BRAINS
We learn by:
  seeing, experiencing, observing, participating
  training, studying, practicing
  being informed, acting as advice takers
  figuring things out
McCullough and Pitts
Lettvin
Hebb
Rosenblatt
perceptrons
Minsky-Papert
feedforward vs recurrent
Brodmann areas
Golgi stains
Ramon y Cajal
thalamus
neocortex
	frontal lobe(s)
	temporal lobe(s)
	parietal lobe(s)
	occipital lobe(s)
	central sulcus
	primary visual cortex (area 17)
	Broca's area
	Wernicke's area
	arcuate fasciculus
	primary motor cortex
	primary somatosensory cortex
corpus callosum
ascending (afferent) pathways; descending (efferent) pathways
efference copy, VOR
10**11 neurons; glial cells
axon; dendrite; synapse
sodium-potassium pump
action potential
neurotransmitters
locus coeruleus
Hodgkin-Huxley
squid giant axon
retina, photoreceptors
optic chiasm, optic nerve
Hubel-Wiesel
columnar organization
myelination
left brain; right brain
aphasias; lesions
the crossed brain; cortico-spinal decussation
external view of left brain
EEG, brain waves

PRESENTATIONS, eg:
embodied/situated cognition, evo-devo
new prob of induction
Swampman
Naming and Necessity
Elephant
COG
Twin Earth
Justified true belief
Weizenbaum, Ethics, and Eliza
Private language argument