    // Copyright (C) 2011  Davis E. King (davis@dlib.net)
    // License: Boost Software License   See LICENSE.txt for the full license.
    #ifndef DLIB_BRIDGe_Hh_
    #define DLIB_BRIDGe_Hh_

    #include "bridge_abstract.h"
    #include <string>
    #include "../pipe.h"
    #include "../threads.h"
    #include "../smart_pointers.h"
    #include "../serialize.h"
    #include "../sockets.h"
    #include "../sockstreambuf.h"
    #include "../logger.h"
    #include "../algs.h"
    #include <iostream>

    namespace dlib
    {

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        struct connect_to_ip_and_port
        {
            connect_to_ip_and_port (
                const std::string& ip_,
                unsigned short port_
            ): ip(ip_), port(port_)
            {
                // make sure requires clause is not broken
                DLIB_ASSERT(is_ip_address(ip) && port != 0,
                    "\t connect_to_ip_and_port()"
                    << "\n\t Invalid inputs were given to this function"
                    << "\n\t ip:   " << ip
                    << "\n\t port: " << port
                    << "\n\t this: " << this
                    );
            }

        private:
            friend class bridge;
            const std::string ip;
            const unsigned short port;
        };

        inline connect_to_ip_and_port connect_to (
            const network_address& addr
        )
        {
            // make sure requires clause is not broken
            DLIB_ASSERT(addr.port != 0,
                "\t connect_to_ip_and_port()"
                << "\n\t The TCP port to connect to can't be 0."
                << "\n\t addr.port: " << addr.port
                );

            if (is_ip_address(addr.host_address))
            {
                return connect_to_ip_and_port(addr.host_address, addr.port);
            }
            else
            {
                std::string ip;
                if(hostname_to_ip(addr.host_address,ip))
                    throw socket_error(ERESOLVE,"unable to resolve '" + addr.host_address + "' in connect_to()");

                return connect_to_ip_and_port(ip, addr.port);
            }
        }

        struct listen_on_port
        {
            listen_on_port(
                unsigned short port_
            ) : port(port_)
            {
                // make sure requires clause is not broken
                DLIB_ASSERT( port != 0,
                    "\t listen_on_port()"
                    << "\n\t Invalid inputs were given to this function"
                    << "\n\t port: " << port
                    << "\n\t this: " << this
                    );
            }

        private:
            friend class bridge;
            const unsigned short port;
        };

        template <typename pipe_type>
        struct bridge_transmit_decoration
        {
            bridge_transmit_decoration (
                pipe_type& p_
            ) : p(p_) {}

        private:
            friend class bridge;
            pipe_type& p;
        };

        template <typename pipe_type>
        bridge_transmit_decoration<pipe_type> transmit ( pipe_type& p) { return bridge_transmit_decoration<pipe_type>(p); }

        template <typename pipe_type>
        struct bridge_receive_decoration
        {
            bridge_receive_decoration (
                pipe_type& p_
            ) : p(p_) {}

        private:
            friend class bridge;
            pipe_type& p;
        };

        template <typename pipe_type>
        bridge_receive_decoration<pipe_type> receive ( pipe_type& p) { return bridge_receive_decoration<pipe_type>(p); }

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        struct bridge_status
        {
            bridge_status() : is_connected(false), foreign_port(0){}

            bool is_connected;
            unsigned short foreign_port;
            std::string foreign_ip;
        };

        inline void serialize ( const bridge_status& , std::ostream& )
        {
            throw serialization_error("It is illegal to serialize bridge_status objects.");
        }

        inline void deserialize ( bridge_status& , std::istream& )
        {
            throw serialization_error("It is illegal to serialize bridge_status objects.");
        }

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        namespace impl_brns
        {
            class impl_bridge_base
            {
            public:

                virtual ~impl_bridge_base() {}

                virtual bridge_status get_bridge_status (
                ) const = 0;
            };

            template <
                typename transmit_pipe_type,
                typename receive_pipe_type
                >
            class impl_bridge : public impl_bridge_base, private noncopyable, private multithreaded_object
            {
                /*!
                    CONVENTION
                        - if (list) then
                            - this object is supposed to be listening on the list object for incoming
                              connections when not connected.
                        - else
                            - this object is supposed to be attempting to connect to ip:port when
                              not connected.

                        - get_bridge_status() == current_bs
                !*/
            public:

                impl_bridge (
                    unsigned short listen_port,
                    transmit_pipe_type* transmit_pipe_,
                    receive_pipe_type* receive_pipe_
                ) :
                    s(m),
                    receive_thread_active(false),
                    transmit_thread_active(false),
                    port(0),
                    transmit_pipe(transmit_pipe_),
                    receive_pipe(receive_pipe_),
                    dlog("dlib.bridge"),
                    keepalive_code(0),
                    message_code(1)
                {
                    int status = create_listener(list, listen_port);
                    if (status == PORTINUSE)
                    {
                        std::ostringstream sout;
                        sout << "Error, the port " << listen_port << " is already in use.";
                        throw socket_error(EPORT_IN_USE, sout.str());
                    }
                    else if (status == OTHER_ERROR)
                    {
                        throw socket_error("Unable to create listening socket for an unknown reason.");
                    }

                    register_thread(*this, &impl_bridge::transmit_thread);
                    register_thread(*this, &impl_bridge::receive_thread);
                    register_thread(*this, &impl_bridge::connect_thread);

                    start();
                }

                impl_bridge (
                    const std::string ip_,
                    unsigned short port_,
                    transmit_pipe_type* transmit_pipe_,
                    receive_pipe_type* receive_pipe_
                ) :
                    s(m),
                    receive_thread_active(false),
                    transmit_thread_active(false),
                    port(port_),
                    ip(ip_),
                    transmit_pipe(transmit_pipe_),
                    receive_pipe(receive_pipe_),
                    dlog("dlib.bridge"),
                    keepalive_code(0),
                    message_code(1)
                {
                    register_thread(*this, &impl_bridge::transmit_thread);
                    register_thread(*this, &impl_bridge::receive_thread);
                    register_thread(*this, &impl_bridge::connect_thread);

                    start();
                }

                ~impl_bridge()
                {
                    // tell the threads to terminate
                    stop();

                    // save current pipe enabled status so we can restore it to however
                    // it was before this destructor ran.
                    bool transmit_enabled = true;
                    bool receive_enabled = true;

                    // make any calls blocked on a pipe return immediately.
                    if (transmit_pipe)
                    {
                        transmit_enabled = transmit_pipe->is_dequeue_enabled();
                        transmit_pipe->disable_dequeue();
                    }
                    if (receive_pipe)
                    {
                        receive_enabled = receive_pipe->is_enqueue_enabled();
                        receive_pipe->disable_enqueue();
                    }

                    {
                        auto_mutex lock(m);
                        s.broadcast();
                        // Shutdown the connection if we have one.  This will cause
                        // all blocked I/O calls to return an error.
                        if (con)
                            con->shutdown();
                    }

                    // wait for all the threads to terminate.
                    wait();

                    if (transmit_pipe && transmit_enabled)
                        transmit_pipe->enable_dequeue();
                    if (receive_pipe && receive_enabled)
                        receive_pipe->enable_enqueue();
                }

                bridge_status get_bridge_status (
                ) const
                {
                    auto_mutex lock(current_bs_mutex);
                    return current_bs;
                }

            private:

                template <typename pipe_type>
                typename enable_if<is_convertible<bridge_status, typename pipe_type::type> >::type  enqueue_bridge_status (
                    pipe_type* p,
                    const bridge_status& status
                )
                {
                    if (p)
                    {
                        typename pipe_type::type temp(status);
                        p->enqueue(temp);
                    }
                }

                template <typename pipe_type>
                typename disable_if<is_convertible<bridge_status, typename pipe_type::type> >::type  enqueue_bridge_status (
                    pipe_type* ,
                    const bridge_status&
                )
                {
                }

                void connect_thread (
                )
                {
                    while (!should_stop())
                    {
                        auto_mutex lock(m);
                        int status = OTHER_ERROR;
                        if (list)
                        {
                            do
                            {
                                status = list->accept(con, 1000);
                            } while (status == TIMEOUT && !should_stop());
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            status = create_connection(con, port, ip);
                        }

                        if (should_stop())
                            break;

                        if (status != 0)
                        {
                            // The last connection attempt failed.  So pause for a little bit before making another attempt.
                            s.wait_or_timeout(2000);
                            continue;
                        }

                        dlog << LINFO << "Established new connection to " << con->get_foreign_ip() << ":" << con->get_foreign_port() << ".";

                        bridge_status temp_bs;
                        {   auto_mutex lock(current_bs_mutex);
                            current_bs.is_connected = true;
                            current_bs.foreign_port = con->get_foreign_port();
                            current_bs.foreign_ip = con->get_foreign_ip();
                            temp_bs = current_bs;
                        }
                        enqueue_bridge_status(receive_pipe, temp_bs);

                        receive_thread_active = true;
                        transmit_thread_active = true;

                        s.broadcast();

                        // Wait for the transmit and receive threads to end before we continue.
                        // This way we don't invalidate the con pointer while it is in use.
                        while (receive_thread_active || transmit_thread_active)
                            s.wait();

                        dlog << LINFO << "Closed connection to " << con->get_foreign_ip() << ":" << con->get_foreign_port() << ".";
                        {   auto_mutex lock(current_bs_mutex);
                            current_bs.is_connected = false;
                            current_bs.foreign_port = con->get_foreign_port();
                            current_bs.foreign_ip = con->get_foreign_ip();
                            temp_bs = current_bs;
                        }
                        enqueue_bridge_status(receive_pipe, temp_bs);
                    }

                }

                void receive_thread (
                )
                {
                    while (true)
                    {
                        // wait until we have a connection
                        {   auto_mutex lock(m);
                            while (!receive_thread_active && !should_stop())
                            {
                                s.wait();
                            }

                            if (should_stop())
                                break;
                        }

                        try
                        {
                            if (receive_pipe)
                            {
                                sockstreambuf buf(con);
                                std::istream in(&buf);
                                typename receive_pipe_type::type item;
                                // This isn't necessary but doing it avoids a warning about
                                // item being uninitialized sometimes.
                                assign_zero_if_built_in_scalar_type(item);

                                while (in.peek() != EOF)
                                {
                                    unsigned char code;
                                    in.read((char*)&code, sizeof(code));
                                    if (code == message_code)
                                    {
                                        deserialize(item, in);
                                        receive_pipe->enqueue(item);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                // Since we don't have a receive pipe to put messages into we will
                                // just read the bytes from the connection and ignore them.
                                char buf[1000];
                                while (con->read(buf, sizeof(buf)) > 0) ;
                            }
                        }
                        catch (std::bad_alloc& )
                        {
                            dlog << LERROR << "std::bad_alloc thrown while deserializing message from "
                                << con->get_foreign_ip() << ":" << con->get_foreign_port();
                        }
                        catch (dlib::serialization_error& e)
                        {
                            dlog << LERROR << "dlib::serialization_error thrown while deserializing message from "
                                << con->get_foreign_ip() << ":" << con->get_foreign_port()
                                << ".\nThe exception error message is: \n" << e.what();
                        }
                        catch (std::exception& e)
                        {
                            dlog << LERROR << "std::exception thrown while deserializing message from "
                                << con->get_foreign_ip() << ":" << con->get_foreign_port()
                                << ".\nThe exception error message is: \n" << e.what();
                        }

                        con->shutdown();
                        auto_mutex lock(m);
                        receive_thread_active = false;
                        s.broadcast();
                    }

                    auto_mutex lock(m);
                    receive_thread_active = false;
                    s.broadcast();
                }

                void transmit_thread (
                )
                {
                    while (true)
                    {
                        // wait until we have a connection
                        {   auto_mutex lock(m);
                            while (!transmit_thread_active && !should_stop())
                            {
                                s.wait();
                            }

                            if (should_stop())
                                break;
                        }

                        try
                        {
                            sockstreambuf buf(con);
                            std::ostream out(&buf);
                            typename transmit_pipe_type::type item;
                            // This isn't necessary but doing it avoids a warning about
                            // item being uninitialized sometimes.
                            assign_zero_if_built_in_scalar_type(item);

                            while (out)
                            {
                                bool dequeue_timed_out = false;
                                if (transmit_pipe )
                                {
                                    if (transmit_pipe->dequeue_or_timeout(item,1000))
                                    {
                                        out.write((char*)&message_code, sizeof(message_code));
                                        serialize(item, out);
                                        if (transmit_pipe->size() == 0)
                                            out.flush();

                                        continue;
                                    }

                                    dequeue_timed_out = (transmit_pipe->is_enabled() && transmit_pipe->is_dequeue_enabled());
                                }

                                // Pause for about a second.  Note that we use a wait_or_timeout() call rather
                                // than sleep() here because we want to wake up immediately if this object is
                                // being destructed rather than hang for a second.
                                if (!dequeue_timed_out)
                                {
                                    auto_mutex lock(m);
                                    if (should_stop())
                                        break;

                                    s.wait_or_timeout(1000);
                                }
                                // Just send the keepalive byte periodically so we can
                                // tell if the connection is alive.
                                out.write((char*)&keepalive_code, sizeof(keepalive_code));
                                out.flush();
                            }
                        }
                        catch (std::bad_alloc& )
                        {
                            dlog << LERROR << "std::bad_alloc thrown while serializing message to "
                                << con->get_foreign_ip() << ":" << con->get_foreign_port();
                        }
                        catch (dlib::serialization_error& e)
                        {
                            dlog << LERROR << "dlib::serialization_error thrown while serializing message to "
                                << con->get_foreign_ip() << ":" << con->get_foreign_port()
                                << ".\nThe exception error message is: \n" << e.what();
                        }
                        catch (std::exception& e)
                        {
                            dlog << LERROR << "std::exception thrown while serializing message to "
                                << con->get_foreign_ip() << ":" << con->get_foreign_port()
                                << ".\nThe exception error message is: \n" << e.what();
                        }

                        con->shutdown();
                        auto_mutex lock(m);
                        transmit_thread_active = false;
                        s.broadcast();
                    }

                    auto_mutex lock(m);
                    transmit_thread_active = false;
                    s.broadcast();
                }

                mutex m;
                signaler s;
                bool receive_thread_active;
                bool transmit_thread_active;
                scoped_ptr<connection> con;
                scoped_ptr<listener> list;
                const unsigned short port;
                const std::string ip;
                transmit_pipe_type* const transmit_pipe;
                receive_pipe_type* const receive_pipe;
                logger dlog;
                const unsigned char keepalive_code;
                const unsigned char message_code;

                mutex current_bs_mutex;
                bridge_status current_bs;
            };
        }

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        class bridge : noncopyable
        {
        public:

            bridge () {}

            template < typename T, typename U, typename V >
            bridge (
                T network_parameters,
                U pipe1,
                V pipe2
            ) { reconfigure(network_parameters,pipe1,pipe2); }

            template < typename T, typename U>
            bridge (
                T network_parameters,
                U pipe
            ) { reconfigure(network_parameters,pipe); }

            void clear (
            )
            {
                pimpl.reset();
            }

            template < typename T, typename R >
            void reconfigure (
                listen_on_port network_parameters,
                bridge_transmit_decoration<T> transmit_pipe,
                bridge_receive_decoration<R> receive_pipe
            ) { pimpl.reset(); pimpl.reset(new impl_brns::impl_bridge<T,R>(network_parameters.port, &transmit_pipe.p, &receive_pipe.p)); }

            template < typename T, typename R >
            void reconfigure (
                listen_on_port network_parameters,
                bridge_receive_decoration<R> receive_pipe,
                bridge_transmit_decoration<T> transmit_pipe
            ) { pimpl.reset(); pimpl.reset(new impl_brns::impl_bridge<T,R>(network_parameters.port, &transmit_pipe.p, &receive_pipe.p)); }

            template < typename T >
            void reconfigure (
                listen_on_port network_parameters,
                bridge_transmit_decoration<T> transmit_pipe
            ) { pimpl.reset(); pimpl.reset(new impl_brns::impl_bridge<T,T>(network_parameters.port, &transmit_pipe.p, 0)); }

            template < typename R >
            void reconfigure (
                listen_on_port network_parameters,
                bridge_receive_decoration<R> receive_pipe
            ) { pimpl.reset(); pimpl.reset(new impl_brns::impl_bridge<R,R>(network_parameters.port, 0, &receive_pipe.p)); }

            template < typename T, typename R >
            void reconfigure (
                connect_to_ip_and_port network_parameters,
                bridge_transmit_decoration<T> transmit_pipe,
                bridge_receive_decoration<R> receive_pipe
            ) { pimpl.reset(); pimpl.reset(new impl_brns::impl_bridge<T,R>(network_parameters.ip, network_parameters.port, &transmit_pipe.p, &receive_pipe.p)); }

            template < typename T, typename R >
            void reconfigure (
                connect_to_ip_and_port network_parameters,
                bridge_receive_decoration<R> receive_pipe,
                bridge_transmit_decoration<T> transmit_pipe
            ) { pimpl.reset(); pimpl.reset(new impl_brns::impl_bridge<T,R>(network_parameters.ip, network_parameters.port, &transmit_pipe.p, &receive_pipe.p)); }

            template < typename R >
            void reconfigure (
                connect_to_ip_and_port network_parameters,
                bridge_receive_decoration<R> receive_pipe
            ) { pimpl.reset(); pimpl.reset(new impl_brns::impl_bridge<R,R>(network_parameters.ip, network_parameters.port, 0, &receive_pipe.p)); }

            template < typename T >
            void reconfigure (
                connect_to_ip_and_port network_parameters,
                bridge_transmit_decoration<T> transmit_pipe
            ) { pimpl.reset(); pimpl.reset(new impl_brns::impl_bridge<T,T>(network_parameters.ip, network_parameters.port, &transmit_pipe.p, 0)); }

            bridge_status get_bridge_status (
            ) const
            {
                if (pimpl)
                    return pimpl->get_bridge_status();
                else
                    return bridge_status();
            }

        private:

            scoped_ptr<impl_brns::impl_bridge_base> pimpl;
        };

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    }

    #endif // DLIB_BRIDGe_Hh_