| Assembly language | ||||||||||
| High-level language | ||||||||||
| a = b + c; | ||||||||||
| Machine language | ||||||||||
| 000000 | 01000 | 01001 | 01010 | 00000 | 100001 | |||||
| Assembly language is between high-level and machine | ||||||||||
| Each statement defines one machine operation | ||||||||||
| Directly represents architecture | ||||||||||
| Assembler program translates to machine language | ||||||||||
| ISA: Instruction Set Architecture | ||||||||||
| Machine structure as seen by the programmer | ||||||||||
| Each kind of machine has its own ISA | ||||||||||
| Sun (Labs): SPARC | ||||||||||
| DEC (Class cluster): Alpha | ||||||||||
| HP: PA (Precision Architecture) | ||||||||||
| IBM Classic: S360/370/390/zSeries | ||||||||||
| PC: Intel x86 | ||||||||||
| MAC: Motorola 680x0 | ||||||||||